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991.
Kernel density estimators (KDE) used for many medical image applications only consider the intensity information of each pixel or its neighbors without the ability of expressing the structure and shape of tissues and organs, and they suffer from boundary bias problem. In this paper, we propose a new first-order kernel density estimation (FOKDE) method for 1D intensity information and 2D spatial information of medical image in two steps. First, the FOKDE of intensity information is estimated and applied to medical image segmentation with the multi-thresholding algorithm. Second, we estimate the FOKDE of spatial information on the initial segmentation, which can express the structure and shape of organs and tissues. In order to evaluate the FOKDE and KDE of the 2D spatial information, we apply them to medical image segmentation with the hill-climbing strategy. Density estimation experiments and segmentation application results on the simulated dataset and real abdomen CT images show us that the FOKDE has smaller boundary bias than the KDE, and that it can estimate the structure and shape of tissues and organs with spatial information effectively. 相似文献
992.
Optical flow (OF) method has been used in ultrasound elastography to estimate the strain distribution in tissues. However the bias of strain estimation by OF has previously been shown to be close to 20%. The objective in this paper is to improve the performance of OF-based strain estimation, a two-step OF method with a local warping technique is proposed in this paper. The local warping technique effectively decreases the decorrelation of the signals, and hence improves the performance of strain estimation. Simulations on both homogeneous and heterogeneous models with different strains are performed. Experiments on a heterogeneous tissue-mimicking phantom are also carried out. Simulation results of the homogeneous model show that the two-step OF method reduces the bias of strain estimation from 23.77% to 1.65%, and reduces the standard deviation of strain estimation from 2.9 × 10−3 to 0.47 × 10−3. Simulation results of the heterogeneous model shows that the signals-to-noise ratio (SNRe) of strain estimation is improved by 2.1 and 5.3 dB in the inclusion and background, respectively, and the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNRe) is improved by 6.8 dB. Finally, results of phantom experiments show that, by using the proposed method, the SNRe is increased by 4.0 dB and 8.9 dB in the inclusion and background, respectively, while the CNRe is increased by 13.1 dB. The proposed two-step OF method is thus demonstrated capable of improving the performance of strain estimation in OF-based elastography. 相似文献
993.
This paper indicates a simulation analysis for estimating the aluminum (Al) thin film thickness measurements by using the low energy electron beam. In order to calculate the Al thickness estimation, the energy of the incident electron beams was varied from 10 to 30 keV, while the thickness of the Al film was varied between 6 and 14 μm. From the simulation results it was found that electron transmittance fraction in 14 μm sample is about nine orders of magnitude more than 6 μm sample at the same incident electron beam energy. Simulation results show that maximum transmitted electrons versus Al layer thickness has a parabolic relation and by using the obtained equation, it is possible to estimate unknown thickness of the thin film Al layer. All calculations here were done by CASINO numerical simulation package. 相似文献
994.
借助于演化算法的自组织、自适应和自学习特征,本文提出了基于演化算法的参数辨识方案,并利用经典的Lorenz方程进行了数值仿真试验,研究了参数辨识方案对于单参数、双参数以及Lorenz系统三个参数完全未知时的性能.数值试验结果表明,新方法能够很好的对未知参数进行较为快速、准确的辨识,但存在对多个参数同时搜索时速度较慢的缺陷.鉴于此,将演化算法变异操作中的参数变异范围附加一种约束机理,试验结果表明,这一约束机理有效地提高了多参数估计中算法的收敛速度. 相似文献
995.
针对现有海底地声参数估计方法的不足,提出了利用相控参量阵浅地层剖面仪接收的多角度海底反向散射信号进行地声参数估计的方法,首先利用正下方和斜入射方向上沉积层上、下表面的差频反向散射信号进行沉积层厚度和声速估计,然后利用正下方沉积层上、下表面两个不同频率的差频信号的反向散射信号估计沉积层衰减系数,最后利用正下方沉积层上表面原频反向散射信号估计沉积层阻抗,计算沉积层密度从而解决和声速的耦合性,通过水池试验验证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
996.
997.
针对复杂云背景下的弱小目标探测,提出了一种基于光流估计和自适应背景抑制相结合的弱小目标检测算法.首先根据红外图像中云的移动规律,对云背景下的红外图像进行光流分析,提取运动云区.在光流场的计算中结合了云运动的特点以及光流方程的两个约束条件,对传统的基于梯度的光流法予以改进.同时发现移动云区对目标探测的影响较大,为了抑制移动云区对弱小目标的干扰,提出了自适应抑制复杂背景的算法,在光流场分析提取的移动云区中,利用代表背景复杂程度的背景因子,自适应调整分割阈值,抑制复杂背景的干扰.这样只在容易引起虚警的移动云区进行背景抑制处理,简化了计算量,降低了云区对弱小目标的干扰,减少了虚警和误判.实验结果表明该算法可以显著减少云区造成的虚警,并且能够探测出弱小目标. 相似文献
998.
提出了一种改进块匹配宏块分布排列的快速传感器电子稳像算法,通过陀螺传感器测量摄像系统的抖动,利用小范围快速块匹配算法估计局部运动矢量,再运用最小二乘法解算全局运动矢量.小范围快速块匹配算法得到的局部运动矢量准确度高,仅需部分局部运动矢量即可准确解算出全局运动矢量.基于此在保证运动矢量准确度情况下,对块匹配宏块的分布排列进行了改进,从而减少匹配宏块数量加快算法速度.通过对宏块网格模型的分析,得出对小范围快速块匹配算法进行宏块分布改进的方案,进而设计出快速传感器电子稳像算法.仿真及实验表明:运算时间提高89%左右,且算法准确度略高于改进前算法. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Tamed frequency modulation (TFM) is a spectrally efficient constant amplitude continuous phase modulation (CPM) scheme which can be simply realized by using a frequency modulator (FM). In the implementation the modulation index of TFM is calibrated to have a nominal value of 0.5, but due to temperature variations it can drift causing time varying phase jitter. In this paper we present novel algorithms and performance results to measure and control the modulation index in a coherent receiver based on the joint reduced state sequence detector (RSSD) and per-survivor processing (PSP) carrier phase estimation. The modulation index estimator measures phase transitions in the receiver and derives estimates by comparing the result to the coding rule of the TFM signal. The estimator has acquisition and tracking ability, and the current estimate can be used to replace the nominal index value. Our simulation results show that the proposed coherent receiver with the novel modulation index estimator has less than 1 dB performance degradation compared to around 4.5 dB exploiting only the PSP carrier phase estimation. 相似文献